Things can align, makes descisions for us across multiple pages, creates symmetrical or assymetrical design, you can vary the width
It made way for new typogologies of the grid. Multiple column grids are flexible and a great systematic tool. The letter is forced through the mesh of the grid. With a multiple column grid, images and text can be shown in relation to one another an the content instead of forcing these things to happen. Horizontal and vertical divisions of the page make it appear more sophisticated and appealing.
_ How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?
Both vary, but the optimal characters per line is 45-75 (60 is average), and words per line is 10-12.
_ Why is the baseline grid used in design?
The baseline grid is used because it helps align the bottom of the letters (the baseline) across the page. The baseline is used to make the letters look right; certain letters such as o, c, and e extend over the baseline in order to look right. Type sits on every other baseline.
_ What is a typographic river?
A typographic river occurs in justified text blocks when the separation of the words leaves gaps of white space in several lines, and these white space gaps align throughout the text.
_ From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean?
Clothesline or flow line is the imaginary horizontal line that draws the viewers eye from left to right across the page.
_ How can you incorporate white space into your designs?
White space can be used around text boxes, dividing up text columns.
_ What is type color/texture mean?
The arrangement of text can resemble a texture or gradient of color. Lots of small text close together looks darker than text that is more spaced out. Also, inverting text changes the color. Increasing leading makes something look lighter
_ What is x-height, how does it effect type color?
The x-height is the height of the lowercase 'x' in the text. The x-height is used as a reference compared the size of the rest of the text. Smaller x-heights make the type look a lot lighter than larger x-heights.
_ In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?
They are the three justification values for type setting. Minimum is the set standard for justification and is the least amount of spacing. Optimum is set tighter and allows text to contract more. Maximum is the most amount of spacing.
_ What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?
A new paragraph can be indicated by white space and breaks in between the paragraphs. Indents also indicate a new paragraph. There are first-line indents, running indents, hanging indents, and one point indents. Indents should not be used in the first paragraph.
_ What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text.
You have to watch out for bad hyphenations of words that look bad, are confusing, or hard to read. Also, watch for too many hyphenations, which can happen from justifying text.
_ What is a literature?
Literature, is writing, body of writing of a subject matter.
_ What does CMYK and RGB mean?
CMYK stands for cyan, magenta, yellow and black and is used in subtractive printing. RGB is used in additive printing and stands for red, green, and blue.
_ What does hanging punctuation mean?
Hanging punctuation is punctuation such as quotation marks that is located just outside of the text box, and is used to to keep the flow of the text paragraph equal.
_ What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?
A foot mark is the line that represents the unit measure of a foot. It is located on the key board. An apostrophe is the correct form to used in a body of text. The symbol is also used for opening and closing a single quote.
_ What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?
A foot mark is the mark on the keyboard that represents the unit measure of an inch, and was used as a quotation mark on typewriters. A food mark looks like two little italicized lines. A quotation mark is the correct form to use and curves more than an inch mark.
_ What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.
A hyphen is located on the keyboard next to the plus sign, and is only used when hyphenating words or line breaks. An en dash is the width of a lower case ‘n’, and is used between words indicating duration such as months and time. Em dashes are the width of a lowercase ‘m’, and therefore are double the width of n-dashes. Em dashes are used to show a break or abrupt change in thought.
_ What are ligatures, why are they used, when are they not used, what are common ligatures?
A litagure is a single form incorporating two or more letters, parts of which might otherwise touch or overlap such as fi or fl. Ligatures can be used for variation, visual effect, and to alow flow between the letters. Some fonts do not have ligatures because their letterforms have been designed to erase the problems that ligatures fix.
