The Art of Psychographics

I chose the article, THE ART OF PSYCHOGRAPHICS, by Kerry William Purcell. To begin with, Guy Debord defines psychogeography as “the study of precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, by the emotions and behavior of individuals". This article interested me because it describes how design every design, rather conciously realized or not, is related to a historical context, and signifies a memory. The article describes how designers choose a certain typeface due to a memory or historical relation they have with the feel of that text. Graphic maps relate a lot to psychographics. This article is important because it describes a whole new way to look at graphic design an the work designers produce because it relates to history and memories.

Project 4 Definitions

_ What are the advantages of a multiple column grid.?

Things can align, makes descisions for us across multiple pages, creates symmetrical or assymetrical design, you can vary the width

It made way for new typogologies of the grid. Multiple column grids are flexible and a great systematic tool. The letter is forced through the mesh of the grid. With a multiple column grid, images and text can be shown in relation to one another an the content instead of forcing these things to happen. Horizontal and vertical divisions of the page make it appear more sophisticated and appealing.

_ How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?

Both vary, but the optimal characters per line is 45-75 (60 is average), and words per line is 10-12.

_ Why is the baseline grid used in design?

The baseline grid is used because it helps align the bottom of the letters (the baseline) across the page. The baseline is used to make the letters look right; certain letters such as o, c, and e extend over the baseline in order to look right. Type sits on every other baseline.

_ What is a typographic river?

A typographic river occurs in justified text blocks when the separation of the words leaves gaps of white space in several lines, and these white space gaps align throughout the text.

_ From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean?

Clothesline or flow line is the imaginary horizontal line that draws the viewers eye from left to right across the page.

_ How can you incorporate white space into your designs?

White space can be used around text boxes, dividing up text columns.

_ What is type color/texture mean?

The arrangement of text can resemble a texture or gradient of color. Lots of small text close together looks darker than text that is more spaced out. Also, inverting text changes the color. Increasing leading makes something look lighter

_ What is x-height, how does it effect type color?

The x-height is the height of the lowercase 'x' in the text. The x-height is used as a reference compared the size of the rest of the text. Smaller x-heights make the type look a lot lighter than larger x-heights.

_ In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?

They are the three justification values for type setting. Minimum is the set standard for justification and is the least amount of spacing. Optimum is set tighter and allows text to contract more. Maximum is the most amount of spacing.

_ What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?

A new paragraph can be indicated by white space and breaks in between the paragraphs. Indents also indicate a new paragraph. There are first-line indents, running indents, hanging indents, and one point indents. Indents should not be used in the first paragraph.

_ What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text.

You have to watch out for bad hyphenations of words that look bad, are confusing, or hard to read. Also, watch for too many hyphenations, which can happen from justifying text.

_ What is a literature?

Literature, is writing, body of writing of a subject matter.

_ What does CMYK and RGB mean?

CMYK stands for cyan, magenta, yellow and black and is used in subtractive printing. RGB is used in additive printing and stands for red, green, and blue.

_ What does hanging punctuation mean?

Hanging punctuation is punctuation such as quotation marks that is located just outside of the text box, and is used to to keep the flow of the text paragraph equal.

_ What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?

A foot mark is the line that represents the unit measure of a foot. It is located on the key board. An apostrophe is the correct form to used in a body of text. The symbol is also used for opening and closing a single quote.

_ What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?

A foot mark is the mark on the keyboard that represents the unit measure of an inch, and was used as a quotation mark on typewriters. A food mark looks like two little italicized lines. A quotation mark is the correct form to use and curves more than an inch mark.

_ What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.

A hyphen is located on the keyboard next to the plus sign, and is only used when hyphenating words or line breaks. An en dash is the width of a lower case ‘n’, and is used between words indicating duration such as months and time. Em dashes are the width of a lowercase ‘m’, and therefore are double the width of n-dashes. Em dashes are used to show a break or abrupt change in thought.

_ What are ligatures, why are they used, when are they not used, what are common ligatures?

A litagure is a single form incorporating two or more letters, parts of which might otherwise touch or overlap such as fi or fl. Ligatures can be used for variation, visual effect, and to alow flow between the letters. Some fonts do not have ligatures because their letterforms have been designed to erase the problems that ligatures fix.

Final Website

Final

The Wonderful Amazing World of FLASH

Flash is dynamic and used in so many ways on computers and the web. It allows users to develop interactive images and animations and streams these images as well as audio. Flash animations give the viewer a rich and high-impact web experience. Flash can manipulate vector and raster images. So basically, flash is awesome!

This one is super awesome so please watch!

Click Here

Another Sweet Flash

Website with tons of links to different flash images, some are interactive

check it out here

Music and Flash

www.bellyfull.tv//

PLEASE TAKE MY SURVEY

sorry, I know this is really personal information, but I never see who wrote ANY of it... only the results! Thanks!

http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=kyQyulQAGNCFVYY_2fY2eqLQ_3d_3d

Final Posters

New Posters!

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Can you see what I see?

Type Posters!

Poster Number 1:

Poster Number 2:

Poster Number 3:

More on Interstate!

In Interstate, most stroke widths are all equal, and the lowercase letters all have a very tall x-height. 

A- Flattened apex and equal stroke width

a- Double story, oblique head, and large x-height

d- large counter and an angled or oblique terminal or ascender

G- Equal stroke width and no spur

g- Single story, large  and open bowl, and oblique finial

M- Low sitting central junction, pointed central junction, and flat apexs'

Q- Straight angled tail, consistent stroke width

x- tall x-height and consistent stroke width

R- Junctions (stem and leg) are far apart and the leg is oblique or angled

t- Tall x-height, angled or oblique ascender, upright and curved finial

4- Flat apex, consistent stroke width, angled and shaped like a right triangle, and low junction

?- Dot is a perfect circle and consistent stroke width

Interstate is Interesting

1. Interstate alphabet:

2. Interstate was designed by Tobias Frere-Jones whom is still alive and was born on August 28, 1970

3. Interstate was first release in 1994

4. It is a Sans Serif font

5. Interstate fits in with the Sans Serif classification because it is very simple, and is stripped to the bare minimum by losing serif appendages.  Sans Serif fonts have become increasingly popular because of the demand of a contemporary looking typeface.  Sans Serif fonts look new and innovative because of their simple yet futuristic appeal.  Sans Serif type first appeared in 1816, but did not become widely used until the early 20th century, when modernism had a huge influence on typography.  In the late 80's or early 90's, sans serifs shifted towards a post-industrial aesthetic, and from this came the slightly less industrial, quirky Interstate type.  

6. Helvetica, Futura, Akzidenz Grotesk

7. The digital age was just beginning when Interstate was first introduced.  Its very simple design allow more complicated digital touches such as drop shadows and the ease of distorting such as condensing or expanding text.  Interstate is best used for signs, but is also used for text setting in print and on a computer screen, making it very versatile for this new digital age.  

8. FB Griffith Gothic, Gothem, Archer

9. Interstate was designed in 1993-94 for the Font Bureau and is also licensed by this Bureau.  It is a very clean, simple, and legible font.  Tobias Frere-Jones loosely based Interstate on the typeface Highway Gothic, which is the font used by the U.S. Highway Administration for road signage since 1949.  Part of the appeal of Interstate is the familiarity of it, because we see a similar version of it driving on the road everyday.  When developing Interstate, Tobias Frere-Jones found that Highway Gothic had no provisions for optical corrections, as most type faces.  Highway Gothic also has no uniform stroke width.  Frere-Jones made a refined version of this, making optical corrections and fixing kerning mistakes while still referencing Highway Gothic. This typeface developed when Tobias was designing a group of typefaces he called "blue-collar", and is therefore based in the American working-class vernacular; it is rooted in a common American experience of a public space. Interstate was famously used in the 2000 U.S. Census.  It has a 40-font family and styles that include condensed, compressed, and the varying weights of black, ultra black, hairline, and light. (three widths, seven weights). It has a forthright capital R, and its ascenders are clipped at an angle. 

Tobias Frere-Jones had always been interested in typography during his teenage years and was even designing his own typefaces by the time he was twenty years old.  He received a BFA fromt he Rhode Island school of Design in 1992.  After graduating, Frere-Jones moved to Boston and joined the Font Bureau as senior Designer.  As previously stated, he designed Interstate here at the Font Bureau as well as Poynter Old Style & Gothic.  In 1999, Frere-Jones left Font Bureau to meet Jonathan Hoefler in New York, and this duo go on start an epic partnership. Together, this partnership has become a leading typographic designing team.  They have designed fonts for Sports Illustrated, GQ, Martha Stewart Living, The Boston Globe, The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Esquire, as well as ads for New York's 2012 Olympic bid.  The fonts these gentlemen and their company produce are incredibly popular, because their fonts lend a sense of history and place.  Their studio is located in Manhattan's SoHo district.  This duo had never met prior to Tobias's 1990's move to New York, but they had many opportunities in the past for their paths to cross.  They were born only six days apart and are both from New York. Jonathan Hoefler was a self taught designer, but both men had grown up being interested in typography, eventually leading to this dynamic design duo.  

Tobias Frere-Jones began teaching type face design at the Yale School of Art, where he continues to teach at a graduate level.  Frere-Jones has designed over five hundred typefaces for retail publication, custom clients, and experimental research. His work is included in the permanent collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.  In 1996, Frere-Jones won the Gerrit Noordzij Prize, and was the very first American to ever win this award.  This award is presented by The Royal Academy of The Hague.  He is also oven a guest lecturer at Universities and Museums.  Tobias Frere-Jones's typographic style is popular because of its timeless quality, and therefore his fonts will remain popular for years to come.  

10. "Jonathan Hoefler and Tobias Frere-Jones design fonts. You've seen their work; it's all around you-on billboards and computer screens, on the pages of books and magazines. U.S. Census forms are printed in Interstate; Frere-Jones based the eminently legible design on highway-sign lettering. Hoefler's Knockout, drawn from antique wood-block type often used on Victorian circus posters, recently advertised New York's bid for the 2012 Olympics." Tim Heffernan, Esquire magazine. 

"Jones says he likes to think of this font as the estranged cousin of some of the early American Gothic typeface families"

Heffernan, Tim. Esquire Magazine. 12/1/05. http://www.esquire.com/features/best-n-brightest-2005/ESQ1205FREJONE_204_3

Vicars, Graham. Highway Man. Creative Review. Wilson OmniFile. May 1998

http://www.lexisnexis.com.www2.lib.ku.edu:2048/us/lnacademic/api/version1/sr?csi=153108&sr=headline%28Highway+man%29+and+date+is+May+01%2C+1998&secondRedirectIndicator=true

Eastman, Mark. Post Industrial Sans Types. Photography Annual 1997.

https://owa.ku.edu/exchange/sfine/Inbox/interstate.EML/1_multipart_xF8FF_2_multipart_xF8FF_4_post.pdf/C58EA28C-18C0-4a97-9AF2-036E93DDAFB3/post.pdf?attach=1

Interstate

portfolio_type_spec_booklet.pdf(175KB)

Tobias Frere-Jones and Hoefler website

http://www.typography.com/about/index.php

Font Classification

Font Classification: Was developed over the course of the twentieth century in order to have an organized system of growing collection of typefaces.  Fonts are classified by their variation in stress, variation in thick and thin strokes, and variation in the serif.  

Old Style: This font originated in Renaissance Humanism.  Characteristics of Old Style include low contrast with diagonal stress, and cove or "bracketed" serifs.  Also, it is based on handwriting.  Examples include Bembo, Calson, and Palatino.  

Transitional: This is a refinement of Old Style forms and represents the transitional time period from Renaissance style to a more modern style.  Characteristics include a stronger contrast between thick and thin strocks, a slight diagonal stress, bracketed serifs, and a tall x-height. Examples of Transitional font are Baskerville, Caslon, and Perpetua.

Modern: This classification is not influenced by handwriting, and is technically exact.  It is also known as Didone after the designer Giambattista Bodoni.  Characteristics include no horizontal stress and extreme contrast between thick and thin strokes. Bodoni, Bauer Bodoni, and Walbaum are examples of this classification.

Slab Serif: This classification is typically classified within serifs.  What sets Slab Serif apart, however is the thick, square ended serif.  Slab Serif became increasingly popular with the need for advertising.  Examples include Serifa, Rockwell, and Memphis Clarendon.

Sans Serif: Sans Serifs are stripped to the bare minimum and are very malleable.  There are many different classifications of San Serif including humanist, geometric, and grotesque.  Examples include Futura, Gill Sans, and Frutiger.

Script: Script letterforms is just like handwriting, and have been around since humans could write, making it hard to classify this type.  Examples include Sinclair, Bickham Script, and Mistral.

Blackletter: Black Letter has been around for over 600 years and is used often in newspapers, labels, and tattoos.  It was also used often in religious scripture and is believed to have Judaic origins.  Examples include Lucida Blackletter, Linotype, and San Marco. 

Grunge: This classification came about in the 1980's during the postmodernism era.  Characteristics include scratchy, amalgamated, and quirky typefaces.  These came about and are named after the Grunge musical movement.  Examples include Template Gothic, Fallen Thyme, and Escalido Streak. 

Monospaced: This classification is inspired by type from typewriters, and all letters conform to a specific physical width.  Letters look best expanded or condensed.  Examples include Orator, Courier, and OCR B.

Undeclared: This classification, as the title alludes to, are for those that do not fit into any category.  Examples of this are  Optima and Copperplate Gothic, because of their flared serifs attached to san serif structures.  

Representatives of Letter Forms

Here, I will be discussing three of some of the most important "representatives of letter forms".  

Zuzana Licko

Zuzana Licko is a female Czechoslovakian designer, born in 1961. Despite having  practically no formal training in typography, Zuzana Licko went on to invent some very important typefaces today.  She became famous through Emigre magazine, which she founded with her husband.  Emigre was originally intended as cultural journal to showcase artists, photographers, poets, and architects. The first issue was put together in 1984 by VanderLans and two other Dutch immigrants.  She designed the typefaces for this magazine using a bitmap format.  Licko would reference old fonts and produce her new interpretation of them.  She invented the text Mrs Eaves which is based on Baskerville and Filosofia which is based on Bodoni.  Other fonts invented by her to name a few include Solex from 2000, Matrix from 2007, Fairplex from 2002, and Dogma from 1994.  She had her big break around the same time as the introduction of the Macintosh computer in 1984, when her husband released Emigre magazine.  She used the new technology of the Macintosh to digitally design her fonts.  Eye Magazine describes her success by stating, "As one of the first type designers to exploit the potential of the Apple Macintosh in its pre-designer days, Zuzana Licko transformed the pixel from low-resolution imitation to high-style-original". She designed the typefaces of the magazine, and went on to develop a diverse family of different fonts as technology improved.  

http://www.emigre.com/Bios.php?d=10

House Industries

• Neutraface Slab
• Neutraface
• Neutraface No. 2
• Studio Lettering
• Girard
• Showcard Stunt
• Blaktur
• Burbank
• United
• Luxury
• Ed Benguiat
• Paperback
• Chalet
• Las Vegas
• Holiday
• Movements
• Simian
• House Gothic 23
• Shag
• Bad Hood
• House-a-rama
• Sign Painter
• Tiki Type
• Rat Fink
• Coop

Andy Cruz and Rich Roat start house Industries in 1993 in Wilmington Delaware.  Allen Mercer also helped jumpstart the career of this company.  They started the company by producing a mailer announcing the release of ten typefaces. They delivered these typefaces via floppy disks.  These fonts were very quirky and appeared scribbly, squiggle, jagged, and blobby. These typefaces were constructed for a specific culture that is revitalized through their work.  House Industries was inspired by the past decades of sub-culture and the music scenes from these decades. They used their inspiration from Ed Roth, Chris Cooper, J.J. Abrams, Sven Kirsten, and Ed Benguiat to name just a few.  The company grew and added new designers such as Ken Barber, Tal Leming, and Christian Schwartz. The company has designed many important fonts including Neutraface, Blaktur, Chalet, Girard, Movements, Simian, and Paperback, to name just a few out of the many typefaces they have produced. The company today provides illustration and design services, as well as selling a series of idiosyncratic display typefaces collections, packaging, clip-art, clothing, pillows, and accessories. House Industries has grown into an incredibly large institution and its marks are left anywhere from billboards to greeting cards, and reaches out to a broad audience with its wide variety of style.

http://www.houseind.com/  

Oded Ezer

Oded Ezer is a typographic artist, and a logo and type designer born in 1972 from Israel.  He does a lot of experimental art with typography.  He graduated from Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem with a bachelors degree in visual communication.  Most of his work is in Hebrew, although he also experiments with Latin-based projects.  He has designed about twenty typeface families.  I had a difficult time finding the the names of his typefaces, and only managed to find one called Beit Hillel.  He is most proud of the art he produces, rather than the types.  I stumbled upon a new project in which he incorporates multiple typeface.  He uses Zapfino, Goudy Old Style, Shoken, Caslon, and his own typeface Beit Hillel.  The work is called Ketubah, which is a predominant form of Jewish art.  HE uses different typefaces for each language and the languages used include Yiddish, Hebrew, English, French, and Spanish.  

He also uses experimental typography in a "Biotypography" series in which he refers to any typographical application that uses biological systems to creat  a typographic image.  

Oded Ezer has won a number of awards including the Gold Prize at the international design ceompetition of the Nagoya Design Center in Japan, Certificate of Excellence the the New York Type Directors Club and the Israeli Exucation Ministry Prize for Design. He founded Ha'Gilda, which is the first cooperative type foundry of Israeli designers.  

www.ezerdesign.com/